Below is a great introduction to the Change Data capture functionality in SQL Server. CDC is a great way to capture data changes to your database without having to code your own triggers and logic. CDC reads the transaction log and so is asynchronous and minimizes contention within SQL Server. CDC can be configured as wide spread as the entire database or can be a specific as one column on one table in your database.

Check out the link below for an understanding on how to implement CDC.

https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/learn-sql-server/introduction-to-change-data-capture-%28cdc%29-in-sql-server-2008/